Article
Patterns of Parental Authority
Diana Baumrind
The original work behind authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting. Worth reading properly rather than in summary.
Tool 39 · Develop yourself
This exercise has no view about the right way to raise a child. It works with the parent you are trying to be and the record of what you did.

A guided 18 to 22 minute conversation using ChatGPT. Free, no account, nothing to sign up to.
01
Copy
Take the TAIU prompt.
02
Paste
Open ChatGPT.
03
Talk
One question at a time.
Copies the TAIU prompt. Paste it into ChatGPT.
You don't need ChatGPT Plus. The free version is fine.
The parent you required is not automatically the parent this child requires.
What you do after you get it wrong teaches more than getting it right.
What you'll explore
A note from Mark

Nearly every parent I have talked to about this is answering their own childhood in some way. Either supplying what was missing or avoiding what was there. It is understandable and it is not the same as looking at the child in front of you, who may want something else entirely.
The other thing I would look at is repair. Everybody loses their temper, everybody gets it wrong. What children actually take away is what happens next: whether anybody comes back, whether anybody says it plainly, whether it is quietly never mentioned again.
I would also watch protection. It is the most loving instinct there is and it can quietly remove every difficulty a child needs in order to become capable of anything.
And I would resist the guilt. Most parents are doing four or five things consistently well and cannot name one of them.
What you'll get
01
Intention
02
Evidence
03
What you are repeating
04
What to protect
+
Your TAIU handover — a portable summary of everything the conversation established.
What now?
01 · Save it
What you want them to experience from you.
02 · Test it
Say the thing you assume they already know.
What I would do
Start with what it should be like to be them, not with values.
Use one ordinary month. Holidays prove nothing.
Look at repair. What you do after getting it wrong teaches more than getting it right.
Check whether you are parenting your own childhood rather than your child.
Protect what is working. Most parents cannot see any of it.
Test it
Could you name three specific things you did with them last month?
What do you do after you get it wrong?
Are you giving them what you needed, or what they are asking for?
The alternative
The expected conclusion is that you should be doing more. Two alternatives are usually stronger. The first is that you are supplying the parent you needed rather than the parent this child needs: somebody who grew up without warmth may pour warmth into a child who is quietly asking for structure. The second is that protection has begun to cost independence, and that the difficulty you keep removing is the difficulty they need. And often the honest finding is that the evidence supports your account of yourself, and the guilt is inherited rather than earned.
Think about this
Take this to Ask Mark
Interpretation, not another copy-and-paste exercise.
Take this to Ask Mark →Finished the exercise?
Tell us whether it helped and what you discovered. It takes less than a minute.

Next tool
If what you are avoiding is older than you are
Further thinking
Patterns of Parental Authority
Diana Baumrind
The Development of the Person
Alan Sroufe
The Nurture Assumption
Judith Rich Harris
Article
Diana Baumrind
The original work behind authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting. Worth reading properly rather than in summary.
Book
Alan Sroufe
Thirty years of following the same children. It is sober about how much early parenting predicts and how much it does not.
Book
Judith Rich Harris
Harris argues that peers shape children more than parents do. Whether or not she is right, it is the strongest challenge to how most parents think about their influence.
Book
Julie Lythcott-Haims
A former Stanford dean on what over-involvement costs children later. Useful for parents whose intentions are good and whose habits are heavy.