Book
The Element / Finding Your Element
Sir Ken Robinson
The clearest account of what happens when natural aptitude meets the right environment — and why so many capable people are judged in the wrong one.
Free tools · Develop yourself · 30 minutes
There may be more in you than your current world has had the chance to use.
Free, no account, nothing to sign up to. You will leave with something written down.
01 · Mark's view
Some of the things you're best at can be remarkably difficult to see in yourself.
There's a simple reason.
They feel normal.
If you've always been able to walk into a room and connect with people, you may assume everybody can.
If you can take something complicated and quickly see what really matters, you may not think of that as an unusual ability. It's simply how your mind works.
Perhaps you're the person people call when everything has become a mess.
Perhaps you can explain something complicated and suddenly everybody understands it.
Maybe you notice opportunities before other people do.
You bring people together.
You make people believe something is possible.
You create order.
You listen.
You sell.
You make.
You care.
You organise.
You challenge.
You finish.
But none of those words, on their own, tells us very much.
The more interesting question is:
What repeatedly happens because you're there?
That's what we're going to look for.
Over roughly thirty years of working with people and building teams, one of the things I've become most interested in isn't simply whether somebody is good at their job.
I'm interested in why they're good at it.
What comes naturally?
What do they do that other people find difficult?
What gives them energy?
What do people repeatedly rely on them for?
And if I took away their job title completely, where else could those abilities be valuable?
Some of the most satisfying moments in my career have come from seeing something in somebody that their current job wasn't really using.
I've seen people working in one function who were perfectly competent but were unlikely ever to become exceptional there.
Then you expose them to something different.
A different team.
A different problem.
Different people.
And sometimes something changes.
Their energy changes.
Their confidence changes.
Their performance changes.
The person didn't suddenly become more talented.
We changed where their talent was being used.
Imagine judging a fish by how well it can climb a tree.
It will look completely incapable.
Put it in water and the conversation changes.
The fish hasn't suddenly become more talented.
You've changed the environment in which you're judging it.
I've seen versions of this throughout working life.
Someone can spend years in logistics and gradually become defined as a logistics person, when the thing that is actually unusual about them is their ability to connect with people.
Expose them to PR, relationships, creators and influencers and perhaps another person starts to emerge.
I've worked with assistants whose title suggested support, but whose real ability was organising complexity. Give that person broader responsibility and perhaps you're looking at a future operations or retail leader.
I've watched people grow into heads of departments and directors because somebody gave them the opportunity to test themselves in a different lane.
It taught me something quite simple:
People don't always need fixing. Sometimes they need a different lane.
A CV is useful.
But it is largely a record of where you've already been.
Companies.
Qualifications.
Titles.
Responsibilities.
Achievements.
It can tell us what you've learned to do.
It doesn't necessarily tell us what you could become exceptional at.
And some of the most important evidence may not be on your CV at all.
Perhaps you've spent several years raising children.
We call that a career break, as though development somehow stopped because an employer wasn't paying you.
Think about what may actually have happened during that time.
Planning.
Prioritisation.
Patience.
Care.
Negotiation.
Organisation.
Teaching.
Managing competing demands.
Reading emotions.
Making decisions while exhausted.
Creating routines.
Solving problems with limited resources.
And perhaps you discovered something more important.
Maybe you genuinely enjoyed caring for people.
Teaching.
Organising family life.
Creating experiences.
Building a community around other parents.
Why should returning to work automatically mean returning to the career you had before?
Going back to work doesn't necessarily mean going back to your old career.
Ask instead:
What did this chapter of my life reveal about me that my old career never had the chance to use?
The same principle applies to hobbies, volunteering, sport, travel, side projects and the things you do simply because you enjoy them.
Your abilities don't only exist between 9am and 5pm.
At the other end of life, we can inherit a direction before we've experienced enough alternatives.
We choose subjects.
Then courses.
Then careers.
Often because they're familiar.
Perhaps our parents work in that world.
Perhaps a teacher encouraged us.
Perhaps we're simply good at the subject.
There's nothing wrong with that.
But imagine somebody studying business who spends every spare hour around music.
They love entertaining people.
They're fascinated by DJs and performers.
They're socially confident.
They become energised whenever they're around that world.
That doesn't mean:
Drop everything and become a DJ.
It means:
There's enough evidence here to become curious.
Could business and music intersect?
Could they spend time around promoters?
Music brands?
Artist management?
Events?
Production?
Could they learn to DJ properly?
Could they organise something?
Could they test whether the imagined world feels as good when they actually enter it?
You don't have to make a reckless leap.
You can run experiments.
I think a useful superpower sits somewhere around four things:
NATURAL ABILITY — What seems to come unusually naturally to you?
ENERGY — What makes you feel more alive rather than slowly draining you?
VALUE — Where does that ability actually help somebody or change an outcome?
ENVIRONMENT — Where does it flourish?
You could think about it as:
Ability × Energy × Value × Environment
It's not a scientific formula.
It's simply a useful way of looking at yourself.
And we're not going to ask you to pick five adjectives.
We're going looking for evidence.
02 · Think about this
03 · What I would do
Stop looking for an adjective. Look for what repeatedly happens because you're there.
Look across your whole life, not only paid employment. Parenting, caring, hobbies, volunteering, sport, travel, community and side projects may contain better evidence than your CV.
Gather specific stories where the outcome would have been different without you, then look beneath the activity for the underlying capability.
Separate what you can do well from what gives you energy, and both from what creates value for other people.
Ask whether something you have labelled as a weakness is actually evidence of poor fit. Sometimes people need to improve. Sometimes they need a different lane.
Then test it. Ask five people who know different versions of you when they have seen you at your best, and what you were doing that made a difference.
04 · Do it yourself
05 · Use your AI
TAIU exercise
A guided AI conversation designed to discover where your natural ability, energy, value and environment come together.
Approximately 20-30 minutes
I want you to help me investigate what my superpower might be. By "superpower", I do not mean an impressive adjective, a personality label, my job title, or simply something I have learned to do competently. I mean a recurring way I think, behave, create, organise, connect, communicate, solve problems, care for people or interact with the world that appears to create unusual value, particularly when I am in the right environment. Your job is not to make me feel good about myself. Your job is to investigate. Treat any possible superpower as a hypothesis that has to earn its place through evidence. IMPORTANT RULES 1. Ask me ONE question at a time. 2. Use my answer to decide the most useful question to ask next. Do not mechanically run through a questionnaire. 3. Follow interesting threads. 4. Challenge vague adjectives. If I say "I'm creative", "I'm organised", "I'm good with people" or something similarly broad, ask me for evidence. 5. Ask for specific stories and outcomes. 6. Look across my WHOLE LIFE, not only paid employment. Parenting, caring, education, friendships, hobbies, volunteering, sport, travel, creative interests, communities, side projects, difficult periods and things I do simply because I enjoy them may contain better evidence than my CV. Do not treat paid employment as inherently more important evidence. 7. Distinguish between: - something I can do well - something that gives me energy - something that creates value for other people - the environment in which it works 8. Look for the same underlying ability appearing in completely different situations. 9. Do not flatter me. 10. Do not force certainty. It is completely acceptable to conclude that we do not yet have enough evidence. PHASE 1: WHY NOW? Begin with this question: "What has happened, changed or become important that made you want to understand your strengths or superpower now?" Explore my answer before moving on. Determine what I am actually trying to solve. I might be choosing what to study, starting work, applying for jobs, considering a promotion, returning to work, changing career, becoming an entrepreneur, building a team, feeling underused, losing confidence, approaching another stage of life, or something completely different. Do not assume which. Remember why I came throughout the conversation. Before your final conclusions, return explicitly to this original question. PHASE 2: LOOK BEYOND MY CURRENT IDENTITY Explore where I came from and what I naturally did before my current professional identity became dominant. Where useful, ask about: - things I was naturally drawn towards - roles I played among friends or family - what teachers or adults noticed - what people relied on me for - things I built, organised, made, fixed, performed, sold, led or created - things I voluntarily learned - interests I pursued without being told Do not assume childhood determines destiny. Look for recurring evidence. PHASE 3: LOOK ACROSS MY WHOLE LIFE Ask whether there are chapters of my life that a CV might describe as a gap or irrelevant, but where I actually learned or discovered something significant. This might include parenting, caring, unemployment, relocation, travel, volunteering, hobbies, sport, community activity, creative projects or difficult periods. Explore both: "What abilities did this develop or reveal?" and: "Which parts did you genuinely enjoy?" If I am returning to work, do not assume that returning to work means returning to my previous career. Ask: "What did this chapter of your life reveal about you that your old career never had the chance to use?" PHASE 4: FIND EVIDENCE Ask me for several specific situations where I performed unusually well or made a meaningful difference. Try to gather examples from different parts of my life. For each useful story investigate: - What was happening? - What was difficult? - What did I personally do? - What would probably have happened without me? - What changed because I was involved? - What did other people contribute? - What part seemed unusually easy to me? - What did other people seem to find difficult? - What gave me energy? - What drained me? - What did people value afterwards? Look beneath the activity for the underlying capability. For example, "organising an event" is an activity. The underlying capability might be creating order from complexity, persuading people to participate, anticipating problems, creating atmosphere, building relationships or something else. PHASE 5: PEOPLE CALL ME WHEN... At an appropriate point ask: "Finish this sentence: People tend to call me when..." Explore the answer. Then ask: "Why do you think they call you rather than somebody else?" And: "What do they normally leave with that they didn't have before they came to you?" Look for value created, not flattering descriptions. PHASE 6: THE EFFORTLESS TEST Ask: "What do other people seem to find difficult that you genuinely don't understand why they find difficult?" Ask for examples. Investigate whether something feels ordinary to me precisely because it comes naturally. Do not automatically assume effortless means valuable. Look for evidence of outcomes. PHASE 7: ENERGY VERSUS COMPETENCE Ask: "What are you very good at that you would happily never do again?" Explore why. Then investigate: "What are you good at that seems to give you more energy the more you do it?" Help me distinguish competence from something worth building around. PHASE 8: THE WRONG ENVIRONMENT Ask me about a period when I felt I was underperforming, overlooked, frustrated or simply in the wrong place. Explore: - what I was being asked to do - what that environment rewarded - what I found difficult - which parts of me were not being used - whether my performance changed in another environment Consider this question: "Could something you have labelled as a weakness actually be evidence of poor fit?" Do NOT automatically conclude yes. Test both possibilities: A genuine skill gap. Versus: An environmental mismatch. Sometimes people need to improve. Sometimes they need a different lane. Work out which explanation the evidence supports. PHASE 9: ENVIRONMENT Investigate the environments where I seem to perform best. Consider: - autonomy versus structure - people versus solitude - fast versus deliberate pace - ambiguity versus certainty - creating versus maintaining - starting versus scaling - leading versus supporting - pressure - collaboration - creativity - problem solving - public interaction - responsibility Then identify environments that appear to suppress my strongest capabilities. PHASE 10: OTHER PEOPLE'S EVIDENCE Ask what people repeatedly say about me, but do not accept adjectives alone. Look for stories. At an appropriate point give me this real-world task: Ask five people who know different versions of you: "When have you seen me at my best, and what was I doing that made a difference?" Where possible, choose people from different parts of your life, for example: - someone who has known you for years - a current or former colleague - a manager or someone who has worked closely with you - somebody you have helped - somebody who knows you outside work Do NOT ask them "What's my superpower?" We want stories, not compliments. If I have not yet collected these responses, do not prevent me from completing the initial exercise. Instead, produce provisional hypotheses and tell me how to bring their answers back later. When I bring them back, compare their evidence with your hypothesis and explain what became stronger, weaker or changed. PHASE 11: THE SHADOW Investigate whether my strongest characteristics sometimes create problems. Ask: "When has the same characteristic that helps you also worked against you?" Do not manufacture a neat opposite. Use evidence. A strength may have a shadow. For example: - seeing possibilities may sometimes reduce focus - empathy may sometimes make confrontation difficult - speed may leave other people behind - attention to detail may slow decisions - independence may make delegation harder These are examples only. Discover mine from evidence. PHASE 12: EXPOSURE AUDIT Assess whether I have actually experienced enough different environments to know what I might be capable of. If my evidence comes from a very narrow world, say so. Do not manufacture a superpower simply to complete the exercise. You may conclude: "I don't think we have enough evidence yet." If so, tell me what experiences would give us better evidence. PHASE 13: FORM SUPERPOWER HYPOTHESES Only when you have enough evidence, produce up to THREE Superpower Hypotheses. Do NOT use generic labels such as: "leadership" "creativity" "communication" "people skills" Describe the actual mechanism. For example: "You appear unusually good at creating belief and momentum around ideas that initially feel difficult or unfamiliar." For each hypothesis give me: 1. THE HYPOTHESIS 2. WHY IT SURFACED 3. EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IT 4. COUNTER-EVIDENCE OR UNCERTAINTY 5. WHAT APPEARS TO GIVE ME ENERGY 6. WHAT VALUE IT CREATES FOR OTHERS 7. ITS POSSIBLE SHADOW 8. ENVIRONMENTS WHERE IT APPEARS TO THRIVE 9. ENVIRONMENTS THAT MAY SUPPRESS IT 10. CONFIDENCE LEVEL: - Strong evidence - Emerging evidence - Insufficient evidence PHASE 14: RETURN TO WHY I CAME Now return explicitly to the reason I originally started this exercise. Tell me what the evidence means for THAT question. If I am choosing education, help me understand what I should explore. If I am considering promotion, consider whether the next role would use more or less of these abilities. If I am considering changing career, identify which capabilities are portable. If I am returning to work, consider abilities that may have developed outside my previous profession. If I am considering entrepreneurship, consider what role I may naturally play and what complementary capabilities I may need around me. If I am unhappy at work, distinguish between: - career - employer - role - environment - capability Do not recommend a career change merely because it sounds exciting. PHASE 15: LOOK FOR INTERSECTIONS Do not unnecessarily force either/or choices. If I am good at business but energised by music, explore "business + music" before assuming "business OR music". Look for intersections between: - existing capabilities - interests - energy - industries - communities - problems I care about - experiences - emerging opportunities Sometimes the interesting answer is a combination I have never considered. PHASE 16: THE ALTERNATIVE Only after addressing my original question, consider: "If you stopped organising your future around what you've already learned to do and started organising it around where you seem capable of becoming exceptional, what might change?" Give me ONE credible Alternative worth considering. Do not produce a list of random careers. The Alternative must be earned from the evidence. It may be: - another role - another environment - another industry - a combination of fields - a different responsibility - a side project - something to learn - something to contribute - a different way of using my existing career Or the correct Alternative may be: "Don't change anything yet. Test this first." Explain why the Alternative surfaced. PHASE 17: TEST IT Turn the strongest hypothesis into practical experiments. Do not tell me simply to "follow my passion". If the hypothesis involves teaching, help me teach something. If it involves selling, find something appropriate to sell. If it involves connecting people, help me deliberately bring useful people together. If it involves organising, give me something messy to organise. If it involves performing, create a way to perform. If it involves caring, identify an appropriate environment where I can experience real care work. If it involves leadership, identify a defined project I could lead. Adapt the experiment to me. For each experiment tell me what evidence to observe: - Did I perform well? - Did it give me energy? - Did it create value? - Did other people notice? - Would I willingly do it again? PHASE 18: GET ME INTO THE WORLD Where useful, create a practical exposure plan: MEET Who should I speak to? OBSERVE Whose actual working life should I understand? EXPERIENCE What environment should I enter? TRY What small real task could I undertake? LEARN What should I learn enough about to test my curiosity? CONTRIBUTE Where could I help or volunteer appropriately? REFLECT What should I notice afterwards? Turn imagined lives into observed lives. PHASE 19: HELP ME DEVELOP IT Create a personalised development prescription: USE IT Where can I deliberately use this ability more? STRETCH IT What unfamiliar environment would test whether it transfers? CONTROL THE SHADOW What behaviour should I watch? COMPLEMENT IT What capabilities or types of people should I surround myself with? LEARN What knowledge could multiply this ability? MEET Who should I learn from? READ / WATCH / LISTEN Recommend only resources genuinely relevant to what you have discovered. Possible resources include: - The Element / Finding Your Element by Sir Ken Robinson - Working Identity by Herminia Ibarra - Stanford Life Design / Odyssey Planning - CliftonStrengths as an additional data point, not a definitive answer You may recommend more relevant books, talks, podcasts, courses or other high-quality resources if they genuinely fit my situation. For every recommendation explain: "Why this, for you, now." PHASE 20: BETTER QUESTIONS Based on everything you now know about me, identify: "The five questions I should now be asking that I haven't asked." Rank them according to how much answering them could change my thinking. Then finish with: "The question I would keep thinking about if I were you." PHASE 21: CREATE MY TAIU HANDOVER THE TAIU HANDOVER Create a concise portable summary using exactly these headings: WHY I CAME HERE WHAT I WAS TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCES BEYOND MY CV MY STRONGEST EVIDENCE RECURRING PATTERNS WHAT GIVES ME ENERGY WHAT DRAINS ME WHAT APPEARS EFFORTLESS WHAT OTHER PEOPLE RELY ON ME FOR MY SUPERPOWER HYPOTHESES CONFIDENCE LEVEL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THEM COUNTER-EVIDENCE THE SHADOW SIDE ENVIRONMENTS WHERE I THRIVE ENVIRONMENTS THAT SUPPRESS ME WHERE ELSE THESE ABILITIES COULD CREATE VALUE WHAT THIS MEANS FOR MY ORIGINAL QUESTION THE ALTERNATIVE WHY IT SURFACED WHAT STILL NEEDS TESTING MY REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTS MY EXPOSURE PRESCRIPTION RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND WHY FIVE BETTER QUESTIONS THE QUESTION WORTH CARRYING FORWARD Keep the handover useful and concise enough for me to paste into another AI conversation. Do not end by pretending we have discovered an immutable identity. A superpower is a working hypothesis supported by evidence and strengthened or challenged by what I do next.
A good AI conversation can help you see patterns.
It cannot prove them.
If we think you might be unusually good at teaching, teach.
If we think you might be a natural connector, bring people together.
If we think you might thrive in a different environment, find a sensible way to experience it.
And ask other people for evidence.
Not:
What's my superpower?
Ask:
When have you seen me at my best, and what was I doing that made a difference?
Then listen.
06 · Get out into the world
Ask five people who know different versions of you: "When have you seen me at my best, and what was I doing that made a difference?" Choose people from different parts of your life — somebody who has known you for years, a current or former colleague, a manager, somebody you have helped, and somebody who knows you outside work.
Do not ask them what your superpower is. We want stories, not compliments. Write down what they actually describe you doing.
Then put the strongest hypothesis somewhere real. If it involves teaching, teach something. If it involves connecting people, deliberately bring useful people together. If it involves organising, find something messy to organise.
07 · Go deeper
Book
Sir Ken Robinson
The clearest account of what happens when natural aptitude meets the right environment — and why so many capable people are judged in the wrong one.
Book
Herminia Ibarra
Most relevant if the evidence points somewhere your current career doesn't go. People act their way into a new direction rather than thinking their way into one.
Course
Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, Stanford Life Design Lab
Useful if your abilities look portable but you cannot picture a life other than the one you already have.
Article
Gallup
Worth treating as an additional data point, not a definitive answer. Compare it with the evidence you gathered rather than letting it replace it.
08 · The alternative
If you stopped organising your future around what you've already learned to do and started organising it around where you seem capable of becoming exceptional, what might change? The Alternative has to be earned from the evidence — and sometimes the correct Alternative is: don't change anything yet, test this first.
09 · Test it
Did I perform well?
Did it give me energy?
Did it create value?
Did other people notice?
Would I willingly do it again?
10 · The TAIU handover
The prompt already ends by producing this. If you have done the exercise somewhere else, or your assistant drifted, paste this in to force a clean, portable summary. It belongs to you — keep it, share it with people who know you, or bring it into a deeper conversation.
TAIU exercise
A clean, portable summary of what you concluded and what you will test next.
THE TAIU HANDOVER Create a concise portable summary using exactly these headings: WHY I CAME HERE WHAT I WAS TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCES BEYOND MY CV MY STRONGEST EVIDENCE RECURRING PATTERNS WHAT GIVES ME ENERGY WHAT DRAINS ME WHAT APPEARS EFFORTLESS WHAT OTHER PEOPLE RELY ON ME FOR MY SUPERPOWER HYPOTHESES CONFIDENCE LEVEL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THEM COUNTER-EVIDENCE THE SHADOW SIDE ENVIRONMENTS WHERE I THRIVE ENVIRONMENTS THAT SUPPRESS ME WHERE ELSE THESE ABILITIES COULD CREATE VALUE WHAT THIS MEANS FOR MY ORIGINAL QUESTION THE ALTERNATIVE WHY IT SURFACED WHAT STILL NEEDS TESTING MY REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTS MY EXPOSURE PRESCRIPTION RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND WHY FIVE BETTER QUESTIONS THE QUESTION WORTH CARRYING FORWARD Keep the handover useful and concise enough for me to paste into another AI conversation. Do not end by pretending we have discovered an immutable identity. A superpower is a working hypothesis supported by evidence and strengthened or challenged by what I do next.
11 · Ask Mark
Something unexpected come up? Don't repeat the exercise. Take your TAIU Handover into Ask Mark and explore the part that still doesn't quite make sense.
Starter prompt
I've completed the TAIU Find Your Superpower exercise. Here is my handover. The exercise is complete. Help me explore where these capabilities might take me, particularly the Alternative. Don't assume the hypothesis is right. Challenge it with me.
Ask Mark is in build. It is not a better prompt — it starts from your handover, assumes the exercise is done, and argues with the conclusion rather than repeating the discovery.
Take this to Ask Mark12 · Talk to Mark
The preferred sequence is understand, test, experience, gather evidence, reconsider. A human conversation becomes relevant when the discovery leads to a consequential decision involving career, education, business, leadership, capital, relationships or significant life direction. When the stakes are high, experience matters.
If you do get in touch about this, bring the handover. It means the conversation starts at a much higher level than "tell me about yourself".
Start a conversation13 · Continue
You may finish this exercise with a much clearer understanding of where your abilities lie.
That creates another question:
Where could this matter most?
If that's the question you're now asking, continue to: