Book
Working Identity
Herminia Ibarra
Useful where career reinvention or possible selves have emerged. People act their way into a new direction rather than thinking their way into one.
Free tools · Develop yourself · 30 minutes
There are moments in life when the question changes.
Free, no account, nothing to sign up to. You will leave with something written down.
01 · Mark's view
For years, you can be perfectly clear about what you're trying to do.
Pass the exam.
Get into university.
Find the first job.
Earn more money.
Get promoted.
Build the business.
Buy the house.
Look after the family.
There is always another marker somewhere ahead of you.
And then, sometimes quite unexpectedly, you reach one of them and find yourself asking a different question.
Is this actually where I want to go?
It can happen at almost any age.
You can be seventeen, surrounded by people asking what you're going to study, while quietly wondering how you're supposed to make a decision about the rest of your life when you've experienced so little of it.
You can be thirty-five and offered the promotion you've spent years working towards, only to realise that you aren't sure you want the life of the person whose job you're about to inherit.
You can return to work after having children and discover that the career which once made complete sense to you doesn't fit quite as neatly around the person you've become.
You can build a successful business, make some money, prove something to yourself and then find that doing more of the same isn't quite as exciting as it used to be.
Perhaps you've started thinking about helping others.
Teaching.
Mentoring.
Building something.
Starting a business.
Supporting a cause.
Working somewhere completely different.
Or perhaps nothing is wrong at all.
You don't have to be unhappy or facing some great crisis to question where you're going.
Sometimes life is perfectly good and you simply begin to suspect:
There might be more of me that hasn't been used yet.
We often talk about purpose as though it is buried somewhere inside us waiting to be discovered.
I'm not convinced life works like that.
Think about how many important things in your life happened because of something you couldn't possibly have planned.
A person you met.
A place you visited.
A conversation.
A boss who saw something in you.
A subject you accidentally became interested in.
A difficult experience.
Something happening in the world that made you think:
Surely we can do better than this.
An opportunity you weren't looking for.
Life has a habit of introducing us to versions of ourselves we didn't know existed.
That's why sitting alone and thinking harder isn't always enough.
Sometimes the problem isn't that you don't know yourself. Sometimes you haven't exposed yourself to enough possibilities.
More people.
More places.
More ideas.
More experiences.
More cultures.
More learning.
More conversations with people whose lives look nothing like yours.
Sometimes clarity comes from introspection.
Sometimes it comes from getting out into the world.
There is another trap.
You can become very good at climbing a mountain without ever stopping to ask whether you chose the mountain.
One decision leads naturally to another.
You study something.
You find a job.
You become good at it.
You get promoted.
You earn more.
You acquire responsibilities.
Leaving becomes harder precisely because you've become successful.
David Brooks describes something related to this as the First Mountain and the Second Mountain.
The first is often about establishing ourselves.
Achievement.
Identity.
Career.
Independence.
Security.
There's nothing wrong with any of those things.
But sometimes another question starts appearing:
What am I going to do with everything I've learned?
For some people that means building something.
For others it means teaching.
Mentoring.
Investing.
Helping.
Creating.
Community.
Charity.
Public service.
Or simply using the career they already have differently.
Purpose doesn't require abandoning ambition.
And contribution doesn't require abandoning your career.
The question is whether your definition of success is still yours.
This exercise isn't designed to produce an impressive sentence about your purpose.
We're looking for evidence.
When have you felt most alive?
What gives you energy?
What drains you?
What fascinated you before somebody started paying you?
What do people repeatedly ask you for help with?
Who do you admire?
What exactly do you admire about their life?
What problems make you care?
What have you quietly wondered about doing?
What might you regret never exploring?
And perhaps most importantly:
Have you actually experienced enough of the world to know?
We're looking for patterns.
Not slogans.
02 · Think about this
03 · What I would do
Start with why now. The moment behind the question usually contains the real question.
Separate energy from competence. Someone can build a successful career around something they are very good at that slowly drains them.
Look before the career started. What fascinated you before you learned what a sensible career looked like is evidence, not destiny.
Audit your exposure honestly. You may have an exposure problem rather than a purpose problem.
Look for contradictions between what you say matters and where your time, energy and curiosity actually go. Sometimes the contradiction is the discovery.
Then turn imagined lives into observed lives. Speak to people who already live the version you have imagined and ask what their Tuesday actually looks like.
04 · Do it yourself
05 · Use your AI
TAIU exercise
A guided AI conversation designed to explore what might deserve a bigger part in the next chapter of your life.
Approximately 20-30 minutes
I want you to help me explore what I want the next part of my life to be about. Do NOT try to identify my purpose quickly. Do not manufacture an inspirational mission statement. Do not give me a personality summary and call it purpose. Your job is to help me understand myself through evidence from my life while recognising that I may not yet have experienced enough possibilities to know the answer. Purpose may be discovered, developed, tested, changed or built over time. IMPORTANT RULES 1. Ask me ONE question at a time. 2. Use every answer to decide the most valuable question to ask next. 3. Do not mechanically work through a questionnaire. 4. Follow interesting threads. 5. Challenge vague answers. 6. Ask for examples. 7. Distinguish what I believe about myself from what my experiences actually demonstrate. 8. Look across my whole life, not only my professional identity. 9. Do not agree with me simply to make the conversation comfortable. 10. Do not force a conclusion. It is completely acceptable to conclude that I need more experience, exposure or information before making a decision. PHASE 1: WHY NOW? Begin with: "What has happened, changed or been on your mind that made you start thinking about your purpose or direction at this point in your life?" Explore this before moving on. Determine whether there is a particular decision underneath my question. It might concern education, university, work, promotion, career change, returning to work, entrepreneurship, family, financial circumstances, contribution, charity, community, retirement, a major life transition or something completely different. Do not assume which. Establish what I originally came here hoping to understand. Remember it throughout the conversation. Before giving your conclusions, return explicitly to it. PHASE 2: WHERE DID I COME FROM? Explore selectively where useful: - Where did I grow up? - What was my environment? - What did the adults around me value? - What did success mean around me? - What was expected of me? - What did I learn from family, community, culture, religion or other formative environments? - Who influenced me? - Was I encouraged towards security, achievement, service, independence, creativity, entrepreneurship or something else? Do not psychoanalyse me. The question you are trying to understand is: "What inputs helped create the person making today's decision?" PHASE 3: BEFORE MY PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY Explore who I was before career and professional identity became dominant. What fascinated me? What did I build? What did I collect? What did I read or learn about voluntarily? What did I dream about? What was I naturally curious about? What did friends ask me to do? What did teachers or other adults notice? What did I do without being told? Do not assume childhood interests contain a predetermined answer. Look for patterns that may have existed before I learned what a "sensible career" looked like. PHASE 4: ENERGY VERSUS COMPETENCE Ask me for specific moments when I felt: - alive - absorbed - energised - proud - useful - curious Explore what I was actually doing. Was I: - leading? - helping? - competing? - creating? - explaining? - connecting? - solving? - selling? - building? - discovering? - teaching? - organising? - performing? - caring? Do not accept the category alone. Ask for evidence. Then investigate the opposite. Ask: "What are you good at that you would happily never do again?" Distinguish capability from energy. Someone can build a successful career around something they are very good at that slowly drains them. PHASE 5: PEOPLE AND POSSIBLE SELVES Explore people and lives that attract my attention. Who do I admire? What specifically about their life attracts me? Who have I met whose life made me think: "I'd like some version of that." What kinds of people are increasingly interesting to me? What world do I know relatively little about but find fascinating? Have I imagined myself: - building something? - teaching? - investing? - creating? - leading? - working abroad? - starting a charity? - joining public service? - working independently? - changing industry? - helping a particular group? - doing something completely different? Treat these as POSSIBLE SELVES. They are hypotheses, not commitments. Do not tell me to become something merely because I find it interesting. PHASE 6: ACHIEVEMENT, SUCCESS AND CONTRIBUTION Explore what success has meant to me. Where appropriate for my age and circumstances ask: "What were you trying to prove ten years ago?" Then: "Do you still need to prove it?" Do not belittle ambition. Money matters. Security matters. Recognition may matter. Achievement matters. But investigate whether my definition of success is changing. Ask: "What could somebody else benefit from because of what you've already learned?" This may reveal mentoring, investing, charity, teaching, community, entrepreneurship, public service or something else. Do not force contribution as the morally superior answer. PHASE 7: EXPOSURE AUDIT Now investigate how broad my current world actually is. Ask selectively: When did I last have a meaningful conversation with someone completely outside my professional world? When did I last attend something where I knew nobody? What have I learned recently simply because I was curious? Which places have changed my perspective? Which cultures or communities have I meaningfully encountered? When did I last visit an exhibition, museum, conference, talk, webinar or event outside my normal interests? Who was the last unexpected person who taught me something? How much of my network works in broadly the same world as me? What interests have I never given myself permission to explore properly? Assess whether I may have: AN EXPOSURE PROBLEM RATHER THAN A PURPOSE PROBLEM. If that appears likely, say so. You are explicitly allowed to conclude: "I don't think you need another answer yet. I think you need more inputs." PHASE 8: LOOK FOR CONTRADICTIONS Compare: - what I say matters - what gives me energy - what drains me - where I spend my time - who I spend it with - what I voluntarily learn about - what I repeatedly postpone - what I claim to want - what my behaviour suggests Point out meaningful contradictions. Do not treat contradictions as failures. Sometimes the contradiction is the discovery. PHASE 9: STOP AND MAKE SENSE OF IT Only after sufficient questioning should you synthesise. Identify: WHAT APPEARS TO GIVE ME ENERGY WHAT APPEARS TO DRAIN ME WHAT I AM NATURALLY CURIOUS ABOUT WHAT PEOPLE APPEAR TO VALUE IN ME WHAT I REPEATEDLY CARE ABOUT WHAT APPEARS TO MOTIVATE ME FORMATIVE INFLUENCES THAT STILL SEEM RELEVANT IMPORTANT CONTRADICTIONS POSSIBLE SELVES THAT HAVE APPEARED WHAT I MAY BE UNDERESTIMATING ABOUT MYSELF Connect every significant conclusion to evidence from our conversation. PHASE 10: PURPOSE HYPOTHESES Produce between TWO and FOUR hypotheses. Do NOT say: "Your purpose is..." For each hypothesis provide: THE HYPOTHESIS WHY IT SURFACED EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IT EVIDENCE AGAINST IT OR UNCERTAINTY WHAT IT MIGHT LOOK LIKE WITHOUT CHANGING MY LIFE WHAT IT COULD POTENTIALLY BECOME IF EXPLORED SERIOUSLY HOW I COULD TEST IT It is acceptable to conclude: "There isn't enough evidence yet." PHASE 11: RETURN TO WHY I CAME Return explicitly to my original question. If I came because of a promotion, address the promotion. If I came because I was choosing education, address that decision. If I came because I was returning to work, address that. If I came because I was considering entrepreneurship, address that. If I simply felt lost, tell me what the evidence suggests about why. Do not allow an interesting conversation to make you forget what I originally needed help with. PHASE 12: THE ALTERNATIVE Only after addressing my original question, ask whether something else appeared repeatedly in the evidence. Give me ONE credible Alternative worth considering. Not five careers. Not novelty for its own sake. One alternative sufficiently supported by evidence to deserve exploration. The Alternative may be something like: "I don't think you need to change careers. I think you need to change what your career contains." Or: "The promotion may not be the real question. The question may be whether you still want the career that follows it." Or: "You keep talking about entrepreneurship, but what you may actually be seeking is autonomy." Or: "I don't think you're ready to decide yet. I think you need considerably more exposure first." These are examples only. Discover my Alternative from my evidence. Explain: WHY THIS ALTERNATIVE SURFACED WHAT EVIDENCE SUPPORTS IT WHAT EVIDENCE DOES NOT YET EXIST WHAT WOULD HELP US TEST IT PHASE 13: PERSONAL EXPOSURE PRESCRIPTION If I need more exposure, create a personalised prescription. Use these categories where relevant: MEET Who should I speak with? EXPERIENCE What environment should I enter? LEARN What should I understand? CONTRIBUTE Where could I usefully help in order to test whether something actually energises me? EXPLORE What world outside my current one should I experience? READ / WATCH / LISTEN What resources are genuinely relevant to the patterns you discovered? Do NOT give generic advice such as "go networking". Make it specific to me. For example, if I repeatedly talk about education, perhaps I should spend time somewhere people are actually learning. If I repeatedly talk about entrepreneurship, perhaps I should speak to three founders and ask what their normal Tuesday actually looks like. Turn imagined lives into observed lives. PHASE 14: RESOURCES Select resources based on what you discovered rather than automatically recommending everything. Possible resources include: WORKING IDENTITY by Herminia Ibarra Useful where career reinvention or possible selves have emerged. THE SECOND MOUNTAIN by David Brooks Useful where achievement versus contribution or changing definitions of success have emerged. STANFORD LIFE DESIGN / ODYSSEY PLANNING Useful where I struggle to imagine genuinely different futures. WHY SOME OF US DON'T HAVE ONE TRUE CALLING by Emilie Wapnick Useful where I have several strong interests and feel pressure to choose one identity. You may recommend other high-quality books, talks, podcasts, courses, documentaries or resources if they fit my particular situation better. For every recommendation explain: "Why this, for you, now." PHASE 15: GET ME OUT INTO THE WORLD Every useful hypothesis should eventually meet reality. Give me an appropriate real-world action. Do not simply tell me to think more. If I think I want to teach, help me find a way to teach. If I think I want entrepreneurship, get me closer to actual entrepreneurs. If I think I want to contribute, identify something I could actually contribute to. If I am fascinated by another industry, help me enter that world in a small way. If my problem is lack of exposure, make exposure the assignment. AI should know when the next useful step is to stop talking to AI. PHASE 16: BETTER QUESTIONS Ask: "Based on everything you've learned about me, what are the five questions I should now be asking that I haven't asked?" Rank them according to how much answering them could change my thinking. Then identify: "The question I would keep thinking about if I were you." PHASE 17: CREATE MY TAIU HANDOVER THE TAIU HANDOVER Create a concise portable summary using exactly these headings: WHY I CAME HERE NOW THE DECISION OR QUESTION UNDERNEATH IT WHAT APPEARS TO GIVE ME ENERGY WHAT DRAINS ME WHAT I APPEAR UNUSUALLY GOOD AT WHAT I AM CURIOUS ABOUT IMPORTANT FORMATIVE INFLUENCES WHAT APPEARS TO MATTER TO ME MY CURRENT DEFINITION OF SUCCESS POSSIBLE SELVES WORTH EXPLORING IMPORTANT CONTRADICTIONS PURPOSE HYPOTHESES THE ALTERNATIVE WHY IT SURFACED WHAT WE STILL DON'T KNOW MY EXPOSURE PRESCRIPTION MY REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTS RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND WHY FIVE BETTER QUESTIONS THE QUESTION WORTH CARRYING FORWARD Keep this concise enough that I can paste it into another AI conversation. Do not finish by declaring that you have discovered my permanent purpose. The objective is better understanding, better questions and useful experiments. Sometimes the strongest conclusion is not an answer. It is knowing what I need to experience next.
If this exercise has given you clarity, use it.
If it has given you a hypothesis, test it.
If it has told you that you haven't experienced enough of the world yet, that's useful too.
Go and get more inputs.
Meet somebody.
Visit somewhere.
Learn something.
Try something.
Help somebody.
Then come back with better evidence.
AI can help you think about your life. It shouldn't become a substitute for living it.
06 · Get out into the world
Take the thing you keep circling back to and go and stand near it. If it is education, spend time somewhere people are actually learning.
Speak to three people who already live the version of life you have imagined. Do not ask whether they enjoy it. Ask what their normal Tuesday actually looks like.
Deliberately spend time in one environment where you know nobody and your job title means nothing. Exposure is the input; clarity is the output.
07 · Go deeper
Book
Herminia Ibarra
Useful where career reinvention or possible selves have emerged. People act their way into a new direction rather than thinking their way into one.
Book
David Brooks
Useful where achievement versus contribution, or a changing definition of success, has emerged.
Course
Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, Stanford Life Design Lab
Useful where you struggle to imagine genuinely different futures.
Talk
Emilie Wapnick, TED
Useful where you have several strong interests and feel pressure to choose one identity.
08 · The alternative
One credible Alternative, earned from your evidence. It may be that you don't need to change careers but to change what your career contains; that the promotion is not the real question; that what you are calling entrepreneurship is really a search for autonomy; or that you are not ready to decide and need considerably more exposure first.
09 · Test it
Write down the purpose hypothesis you find most interesting, then find the smallest version of it you could do this month. Notice your energy afterwards rather than your opinion of it.
Say the hypothesis out loud to two people who have known you a long time and ask whether it sounds like you. Their surprise, or lack of it, is data.
Diary the next thirty days against your exposure prescription. Anything not scheduled did not happen.
10 · The TAIU handover
The prompt already ends by producing this. If you have done the exercise somewhere else, or your assistant drifted, paste this in to force a clean, portable summary. It belongs to you — keep it, share it with people who know you, or bring it into a deeper conversation.
TAIU exercise
A clean, portable summary of what you concluded and what you will test next.
THE TAIU HANDOVER Create a concise portable summary using exactly these headings: WHY I CAME HERE NOW THE DECISION OR QUESTION UNDERNEATH IT WHAT APPEARS TO GIVE ME ENERGY WHAT DRAINS ME WHAT I APPEAR UNUSUALLY GOOD AT WHAT I AM CURIOUS ABOUT IMPORTANT FORMATIVE INFLUENCES WHAT APPEARS TO MATTER TO ME MY CURRENT DEFINITION OF SUCCESS POSSIBLE SELVES WORTH EXPLORING IMPORTANT CONTRADICTIONS PURPOSE HYPOTHESES THE ALTERNATIVE WHY IT SURFACED WHAT WE STILL DON'T KNOW MY EXPOSURE PRESCRIPTION MY REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTS RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND WHY FIVE BETTER QUESTIONS THE QUESTION WORTH CARRYING FORWARD Keep this concise enough that I can paste it into another AI conversation. Do not finish by declaring that you have discovered my permanent purpose. The objective is better understanding, better questions and useful experiments. Sometimes the strongest conclusion is not an answer. It is knowing what I need to experience next.
11 · Ask Mark
Something appeared that you weren't expecting? Your purpose exercise is complete. Don't do it again. If it uncovered an Alternative, contradiction or question you can't quite leave alone, take your TAIU Handover into Ask Mark.
Starter prompt
I've completed the TAIU Find Your Purpose exercise. Here is my handover. I originally came because of the question described in it. The purpose exercise is complete. Help me explore the Alternative or unanswered question it uncovered. Don't assume the conclusion is right. Challenge it with me.
Ask Mark is in build. It is not a better prompt — it starts from your handover, assumes the exercise is done, and argues with the conclusion rather than repeating the discovery.
Take this to Ask Mark12 · Talk to Mark
The preferred sequence is understand, test, experience, gather evidence, reconsider. A human conversation becomes relevant when the discovery leads to a consequential decision involving career, education, business, leadership, capital, relationships or significant life direction. When the stakes are high, experience matters.
If you do get in touch about this, bring the handover. It means the conversation starts at a much higher level than "tell me about yourself".
Start a conversation13 · Continue
Purpose becomes easier to test when you understand what you are unusually good at.
If that is the part still missing, start with: